
%%     TEMPLATE for articles submitted to DUP Heron
%%     
%%     HERON
%%
%%     To prepare an article, fill in the blanks using the LaTeX format
%%           given here.
%%
%%     Please do not remove lines commented out with %+
%%           these are for the editors' use.
%%
%%
%%   

\documentclass[12pt,twoside,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{pslatex}
\usepackage{abstract}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{barenote}
\usepackage{fnfont}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{1}

%%  Do not change the following settings:
% Sets dimensions for DUP
% The editor can set the appropriate page number (hybrid publishing)

\setlength\textwidth{156.25mm}
\setlength\textheight{237.50mm}
\setlength\oddsidemargin{(\paperwidth-\textwidth)/2 - 1in}
\setlength\evensidemargin{(\paperwidth-\textwidth)/2 - 1in}
\setlength\topmargin{(\paperheight-\textheight-\headheight-\headsep-\footskip)/2
  - 1in}
\parindent=0in
%+ Lydia place the appropriate page number within the second pair of angled braces
\setcounter{page}{353}

%% use the abstract package (do not change)
% remove the indentation, left and right of the abstract

\setlength\absleftindent{-0.3in}
\setlength\absrightindent{0in}
\setlength\absparindent{0in}

\makeatletter

% the commands for setting subsection and subsubsection to italics
% font (do not change)
\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection
{section}%
{1}%
{-0.3in}% Set to this value to follow the negative indentation of the ``abstract''
{-\baselineskip}%
{0.4\baselineskip}
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}%

\renewcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection
{subsection}%
{2}%
{0mm}%
{-\baselineskip}%
{0.1\baselineskip}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}%

\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection
{subsubsection}%
{3}%
{0mm}%
{-\baselineskip}%
{0.1\baselineskip}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}%

%%% Please put your personal macros here:
%%%
%% e.g. \def\thruD#1{\mathrel{\mathop{#1\!\!\!\!/}}}
\newcommand{\Emax}{\ensuremath{E_{\mathrm{max}}}}
%% \newcommand{\GEANT}{\texttt{GEANT}}


\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\chead{}
\rhead[]{}
\lhead[]{}
\rfoot[]{\thepage}
\lfoot[\thepage]{}
\cfoot{}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}

\addtolength{\skip\footins}{7mm}
\makeatother

\def\Title#1{\begin{raggedright} {\Large {\bf #1 }} \end{raggedright}}

\begin{document}
%\thispagestyle{empty}
\pagestyle{fancy}

%+ Lydia: Use full title here
\Title{Simulation of Energy Loss Straggling}
%+ Lydia: Please fill in the appropriate info
\flushbarenote{\it Heron, Vol. 46, No. 1(2001) ISSN 0046--7316}
\bigskip\bigskip

\begin{raggedright}  
%+ Lydia hieronder de auteur
Godfried~F.J.~Kruijtzer\\

\bigskip
%+ Lydia hieronder instituut, adres, etc. auteur
%+ \\ staat voor newline (ga naar volgende regel)
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology\\
P.O.Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands\\
\bigskip

\renewcommand{\abstractname}{}
\begin{abstract}
%+ Lydia tussen {\bf en } de abstract plaatsen
{\bf
Non-linear governing equations and some special non--linear static solutions\\
The influence of geometrical non-linearity on the linear theory of static
subgrade reaction and surface wave motion of a Gibson soil.}

\bigskip
%+ Lydia tussen {\bf en } keywords plaatsen gescheiden door komma's
{\it Keywords}: {\bf non--linear elasticity, geometrically non-linear Gibson
  stratum, subgrade reaction, indentation, excavation.}

\end{abstract}

\end{raggedright}

\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Intro--1}
Recently, F.  A. Mesmer \index{Mesmer} has reported evidence of a profound
influence of magnets, in the order of \Emax{}, on a variety of aspects of human
and animal physiology~\cite{Mesmer}.  Numerous authors have claimed to
reproduce certain of the phenomena reported by Mesmer~\cite{diCenzo,Muller},
but there is little understanding of the precise mode of action of the magnetic
influence.

\subsection{Intro--2}
In this
article, I will present evidence that mesmeric influence can disrupt the
lethal action of sodium cyanide (NaCN) when modulated by a sequence of 
high-pitched tones.  After a description of the phenomenon, I will comment
on the implications for the nature of the magnetic coupling.

\section{Observations}

My observations began when I was called on an emergency basis to aid two
Albanian noblemen, Guglielmo B. and Ferrando di N., who had
ingested the poison in an apparent attempt to commit suicide.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Formula's: the usual
%% \begin{eqnarray*}...\end{eqnarray*} formula's not numbered
%% \begin{eqnarray}...\end{eqnarray} formula's numbered

\begin{eqnarray*}
\phi_{v} \left ( \lambda_{v}, \kappa, \beta^{2} \right ) & = &
\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int^{c+i\infty}_{c-i\infty}\phi \left( s \right ) 
e^{\lambda s} ds \hspace{2cm} c \geq 0 \\
\phi \left ( s \right ) & = & 
\exp \left [ \kappa ( 1 + \beta^{2}\gamma ) \right ]
~ \exp \left [ \psi \left ( s \right ) \right ], \\
\psi \left ( s \right )  & = & s \ln \kappa + ( s + \beta^{2} \kappa )
\left [ \ln (s/\kappa) + E_{1} (s/\kappa) \right ] - \kappa e^{-s/\kappa}, 
\end{eqnarray*}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
E_{1}(z) & = & \int^{\infty}_{z} t^{-1} e^{-t} dt 
\mbox{\hspace{1cm} (the exponential integral)} \\
\lambda_v & = & \kappa \left [ \frac{\epsilon - \bar{\epsilon}}{\xi}
- \gamma' - \beta^2 \right]
\end{eqnarray}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% In the following paragraph an example of an in--line equation
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

(The facts of the case were rather mysterious: $\lambda_L = \lambda_v/\kappa -
\ln\kappa $, since these young men had been seen in the harbor earlier in the
day, affecting a carefree attitude.  However, this need not concern us here.)
The standard remedy would have been to induce vomiting; however, this would
have offended the sensibilities \index{sensibilities} of two noble ladies
present, the daughters of the duke in whose household this unfortunate incident
took place.  Thus, I thought it wise to begin by administering magneto-therapy
using the devices that I had at hand.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%%   use this format to include an .eps figure into your paper
%%
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=phys332-1,height=1.5in}
\caption{Plan of the magnet used in the mesmeric studies.}
\label{fig:magnet}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

The source of magnetic influence used in this therapy was the simple
iron pole magnet shown in Figure~\ref{fig:magnet}.  The device, roughly
the size of human palm, was held three fingers' length away from each
of the patients, while the blood cyanide level was monitored.  As this 
operator proceeded in silence, only a very small effect on the poison was
observed.  In a moment, however, the sisters began to weep and ululate
in the most painful manner.  Under this blanket of sound, the effects of 
the cyanide reaction were observed to be completely reversed.  Indeed,
even before the end of a single session of treatment, the Albanians were
seen to wake from their comas and offer thanks for their rescue.  Some
sample blood cyanide levels are reported in Table~\ref{tab:blood}.



%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%%   use this format to include a LaTeX table  into your paper
%%
\begin{table}[b]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l|ccc}  
Patient &  Initial level($\mu$g/cc) &  w. Magnet &  
w. Magnet and Sound \\ \hline
 Guglielmo B.  &   0.12     &     0.10      &     0.001  \\
 Ferrando di N. &  0.15     &     0.11      &  $< 0.0005$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Blood cyanide levels for the two patients.}
\label{tab:blood}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\section{Interpretation}

A description of these observations, obviously based on second-hand reports,
has already been reported by L. da Ponte~\cite{daPonte}. \index{da Ponte}
 In his paper,
da Ponte attributes the mode of action of the magnetic force to direct
magnetic attraction.  This would be implausible with the relatively small
magnet used in this study; thus da Ponte was forced to propose an absurdly
large size for the  magnetic device.  His theory does not account for the
acoustic influence, which is known not to be present in magnetic action on
inanimate objects.  A second hypothesis would state that the acoustic
fields perturb the chemistry of the cyanide reactions, allowing the 
reagents to couple magnetically.   As with the first hypothesis, we are
skeptical, since again this phenomenon has no inorganic counterpart.  Thus,
we are forced to conclude, with Mesmer, that magnetism couples directly to 
the life force, which, as is well known, can be modulated by musical 
influences.

In conclusion, we note that the unusual mode of action of magnetism is only
one of many which have been reported in the literature.  It is likely
that there are further unusual magnetic phenomena to be discovered.  All
studies to date have involved male patients.  But it is likely that the 
prevailing belief that `women are all the same' would be overturned in 
similar investigation.




\bigskip
\section*{Acknowledgment}
I am grateful to Don Alfonso d'Alba for certain services essential to 
this investigation.



\begin{thebibliography}{}

\bibitem{Mesmer}
F. A. Mesmer, Proc. Wien. Acad. Sci. {\bf 13}, 1564, 1593 (1762).

\bibitem{diCenzo}
A. L. di Cenzo, Trans. Acad. Ducal.  Milan., {\bf 23}, 2647 (1771).

\bibitem{Muller}
For an exhaustive review of the Prussian literature, see A. D. M\"uller,
in Workshiop on Action at a Distance, F. Eisenschmidt, ed. (Springer,
Berlin, 1774).

\bibitem{daPonte}

L. da Ponte, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., {\bf 3}, 27 (1795).

\end{thebibliography}
 
\end{document}
